鉛酸蓄(xu)電池的維護和(he)注意事(shi)項(xiang) 一、電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池液(ye)位的(de)變化情況(kuang)： 1、電(dian)池放電(dian)時：電(dian)池液滲入電(dian)池極(ji)板孔隙(xi)內，所以電(dian)池液液位(wei)會下降。 2、電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)時：電(dian)池(chi)液被排出電(dian)池(chi)極板的孔隙，所以電(dian)池(chi)液液位會(hui)上升。 二、關于(yu)電(dian)池液的損耗(hao)： 1、電池在充電時，尤其是(shi)(shi)接近氣化階(jie)段（Cassing Condition）,電學反應(ying)是(shi)(shi)電池液的水份被電解(jie)。以氫（H）和(he)氧（O）的氣體溢出，從而使電池液容量減(jian)少，濃(nong)度增加。 2、電(dian)池在放電(dian)時(shi)(shi)，也(ye)會出現上述(shu)(shu)反(fan)應，但(dan)沒(mei)有(you)充電(dian)時(shi)(shi)強烈，但(dan)在大電(dian)流連續放電(dian)時(shi)(shi)，上述(shu)(shu)反(fan)應失水也(ye)相當強烈。 3、在激烈的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反應中，如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)液(ye)位(wei)過高，則(ze)排出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體會(hui)帶著電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)一起飛(fei)濺溢(yi)出(chu)，從而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)液(ye)位(wei)下降（其中電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)酸H2SO4隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)溢(yi)出(chu)而(er)損失）。如(ru)果利用(yong)(yong)補充純水(shui)保持液(ye)位(wei)，則(ze)會(hui)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)度變(bian)化（即電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)比重不足）。由于各個(ge)(ge)單(dan)元的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)飛(fei)濺溢(yi)出(chu)情況不一樣(yang)，經這樣(yang)補水(shui)后各個(ge)(ge)單(dan)元電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)比重不一致(zhi)，形(xing)成各單(dan)元電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差，從而(er)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)能。所以(yi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用(yong)(yong)中要力求避免這種情況出(chu)現。 三、為什么要(yao)補充純水： 1、要求在任何(he)時候不論電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)位變(bian)化如何(he)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)(ye)都須浸(jin)沒極(ji)板（極(ji)板不可露出電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)(ye)），這樣才能充分發揮它在設計(ji)上(shang)的(de)要求（容(rong)量）。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量與(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)板所接觸的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)(ye)的(de)面積有關(guan)。 2、電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)運作中應保持電(dian)池(chi)液(ye)應有(you)的濃(nong)(nong)度及各(ge)個單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)池(chi)之間(jian)的濃(nong)(nong)度的一致(zhi)性(xing)。否則各(ge)個單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)池(chi)之間(jian)存在(zai)電(dian)位差，產(chan)生環流(liu)而(er)影響電(dian)池(chi)組的效率。電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓和電(dian)池(chi)液(ye)的濃(nong)(nong)度有(you)關。 3、正(zheng)確補充水對電池的效能和使用(yong)壽(shou)命有重要影(ying)響且可減(jian)少和降低硫酸(suan)鹽化。 四、怎樣補充水： 1、須在電池充(chong)滿電后1－2小時內進行 2、在(zai)(zai)電池使用之后(hou)，測量液位（以防濺板為基準），應仍可（確認在(zai)(zai)上個充放電周期內(nei)電池極板沒有外露）檢出(chu)。 3、補水后(hou)液位(wei)應(ying)高于防(fang)濺板5-10 mm，但不(bu)可過高（以防(fang)濺板為基準(zhun))。 4、經過(guo)若(ruo)干個(ge)(ge)充(chong)放電周(zhou)期后(hou)(hou)，把(ba)電池液充(chong)電至不能再充(chong)時(shi)，測電池液比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)，若(ruo)比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)低或(huo)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)電池比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)不一(yi)致(zhi)，則應加(jia)硫酸(suan)。把(ba)比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)新調(diao)整到（1.27-1.29）G／CM3之間（使各(ge)個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)電池液比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)接近一(yi)致(zhi)）。調(diao)整后(hou)(hou)再進行充(chong)電使電池液均勻，此項要由專業人員負責進行。 五、注意事項： 1、在正常使用(yong)時，一個充放電周(zhou)期(qi)內，一個單元電池的(de)水分損(sun)失約4ml /100Ah的(de)水量。例(li)：一個500Ah 的(de)單元電池大約應補(bu)充20 ml的(de)純水。 2、補水后(hou)，電池液(ye)的液(ye)位(wei)務必不可超出防濺板(ban)10mm ，原因為： A．液(ye)位過高，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)液(ye)容量(liang)接觸到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板間連焊接的鋁(lv)排，會形成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)液(ye)的離子(zi)污染，從而使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組放電(dian)(dian)加強，損害(hai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)和壽命。 B．液位(wei)過高(gao)在電(dian)化學反應時(shi)會(hui)(hui)引起電(dian)池液飛濺溢出，導致(zhi) 電(dian)池液濃(nong)度(du)降低，從而降低電(dian)池容量(liang)和電(dian)池電(dian)壓。且飛濺出的電(dian)池液會(hui)(hui)對車體和電(dian)池造成腐蝕(shi)作用。 3、如電(dian)(dian)池液(ye)位不(bu)足，則在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用時，電(dian)(dian)池極(ji)板(ban)上端(duan)部分(fen)會(hui)外露于電(dian)(dian)池液(ye)，這樣就減少電(dian)(dian)池極(ji)板(ban)參與電(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反應的(de)面積從而降低電(dian)(dian)池的(de)容(rong)量。
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